There are text instructions that require reading (i.e. are not presented auditorily or supported by images).

Rating: 0

There is no text.

Text is used to label/categorize and is not accessible auditorily or supported by images.

Rating: 0

There is no text

There is challenging vocabulary used that is not explained.

Rating: 0

There is no text

There are tooltips/hints that require reading (i.e. are not presented auditorily or supported by images).

Rating: 0

There is no text

There are letters and/or numbers that require user to recognize.

Rating: 0-1

The map uses letters for some of the locations on the grid  and supports the use of letter and number co-ordinates to distinguish locations on the grid. None of these must be used in order to successfully navigate the map with Cubetto.

Students are required to type correctly spelled commands in order to carry out tasks.

Rating: 0

No writing/typing is required.

Students are required to compose sentences to program a storyline (i.e. character conversation)

Rating: 0

No writing/typing is required.

Students are required to store information and recall it later to carry out a task.

Rating: 2

User is required to remember a desired sequence to create and test a code.

To decrease the load on memory students can move Cubetto along the map as they plan and place the command blocks into the control panel.

Students are required to follow a large number of steps sequentially that are not broken down.

Rating: N/A 

Dependent on the task, typically provided by teacher/facilitator.

Students are required to have an understanding /prior knowledge of certain concepts in order to carry out tasks. (i.e. left/right, sequencing)

Rating: 1

User required to know concepts of direction (left, right, up), and that turning Cubetto is a separate step from Cubetto moving forward a space on the grid/map.

Students are required to follow fast paced instructions.

Rating: N/A

User is not required to complete a task within set time-frame.

Students are required to follow instructions that are provided auditorily but not visually.

Rating: N/A

No auditory instructions.

Students are required to navigate across multiple screens.

Rating: 2

Students are required to divide their attention between 2 concrete materials: the map (on which Cubetto moves) and the control panel (small LED light indicating step in sequence).

Students are required to orient self in relation to objects (i.e. what is forward for me compared to what is forward for the robot)

Rating: 2-3

User is required to recognize the location and orientation of the robot in relation to self.

Students are required to have good spatial awareness to carry out the task.

Rating: 3

User is required to follow an S shape when building a sequence on the control panel, unlike reading and writing. Also, students are required to pay attention to small notches on the command blocks in order to fit them into the control panel in the correct orientation.

Students are required to understand ratios or relationships of size, distance etc...

Rating: 1

User is required to understand that Cubetto moves in a 1:1 ratio with the command blocks.

Students are required to transfer their understanding of concepts from different perspectives and/or planes.

Rating: 0  

The map and the control panel are in the same plane. 

Students are required to sort through and focus attention to several icons and features on a single page.

Rating: N/A

Cubetto is not a digital application. 

Students are required to perceive and recognize colours. 

Rating: 1

The pieces indicating “Forward” (green) and “Right” (red) would be difficult to distinguish for someone with red-green colorblindness. 

Students are required to work with soft/smooth surfaces

Rating: 2

All pieces have a hard smooth surface that may limit ease for grip.

Students are required to hear sounds.

Rating: 1

Cubetto makes a sound when its turned on, but no sounds need to be heard to use the robot during coding activities.  

Students are required to move items seamlessly using a small, single point of contact (i.e. finger)

Rating: N/A

Single-point contact is not needed to move items.

Students are required to manipulate small objects in close proximity.

Rating: 2

Finger grasp is required to pick up and place pieces in specific orientation on the control panel. 

Students are required to effectively use a mouse and/or keyboard 

Rating: N/A

No mouse or keyboard use needed.

Students are required to perform complex gestures to carry out tasks. (i.e. pinch, 3 finger tap)

Rating: NA

No gestures are required beyond manipulation of command blocks and pushing the Go button. 

Students are required to put together small pieces.

Rating: N/A

No assembly is required.

Students are required to use small tools.

Rating: N/A

No tools are required.

Students are required to get up and move at any point. 

Rating: 0

Can be stationary throughout use. 

Students are required to lift up the coding materials at any point.

Rating: 2

Robot and control panel can be on surfaces throughout use and are not heavy components to move.  To set up and turn on, Cubetto needs to be lifted at least once and may need to be moved to different starting locations and returned to those positions, to re-try, debug, etc. 

Students are required to use two hands at once. 

Rating: 1

Two hands are required to pick up Cubetto in order to move it to a starting point.